In SAP, you have the option of defining your fiscal year variants (FYV) in relation to the calendar year. You can define it Fiscal year same as calendar year, Fiscal year differs from calendar year (non-calendar year) or fiscal year as year dependent (This means that the year only applies to a specific calendar year.)
Fiscal Year Same as Calendar Year
If your fiscal yr is the same as the calendar yr, the following specifications apply:
- It begins on January 1.
- Twelve posting periods are available.
- The periods correspond to calendar months. You do not have to define the individual periods. The system automatically uses the calendar months.
Non-Calendar Fiscal Year
If fiscal yr differs from the calendar yr, you must specify:
- How many posting periods you require
- How the system should determine the posting period and fiscal yr from the posting date during posting:
Posting Periods for Non Calendar Fiscal Year
To enable SAP to determine the posting period you need to specify month and day limits for the end of each period.
Enter 29 as the day limit for February. This ensures that the system can also determine the posting period correctly in a leap year. If you enter 28 as the day limit for February, transaction figures posted on 29 February will be updated in the next period. If the next period is not open, the system issues an error message.
Fiscal Year for Non Calendar Year
Since your fiscal year is not the same as the calendar yr, you have to specify the year displacement for each posting period. You can use the entries -1, 0, and +1 for this.
Since the fiscal yr does not correspond to the calendar yr, you specify how the fiscal yr is to be determined by entering the yr displacement. If you post with a posting date of 02/03/99, the system uses your definition of the fiscal yr variant to determine that posting period 11 is in fiscal yr 1998.
Posting Periods Do Not Correspond To Calendar Months
If you are using a non-calendar fiscal year, and your posting periods do not correspond to the calendar months, define the difference by specifying the day of the period end.
Your fiscal yr begins on April 16 and ends on April 15. The start and end of your posting periods do not correspond to the start and end of a calendar month.
You must split the period 12/16 to 01/15 in two posting periods, since you require different specifications for the yr displacement. This means that for posting period 9, you have to define two posting periods (with yr displacements 0 and -1).
In the example given, the system would determine the following posting periods and fiscal yrs from the posting dates given:
Posting Date | Year Displacement | Period | Fiscal Year |
20.12.1998 | 0 | 9 | 1998 |
13.01.1999 | -1 | 9 | 1998 |
Year-Dependent Fiscal Year Variants
You can define a year-dependent FYV. This is a FYV that only applies to a specific calendar year.
To do this, select the field Year-dependent when you define your FYVs. You then have to enter the period ends, defined by month and day limits, for each calendar yr.
In this case, the yr displacement specifications refer to the calendar yr for which you have defined posting periods. The yr is displayed when you maintain the period ends.
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